Development of an LSTM-Based Power Monitoring and Prediction System for Campus Electrical Facilities Using ESP32 and PM2120

Abstract

This study develops a data acquisition system for monitoring, detecting, and forecasting electrical energy consumption to support efficient energy management. Electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power are measured using a PM2120 power meter via Modbus RTU RS485 and processed by an ESP32 microcontroller. The data are displayed in real-time through a Nextion Human-Machine Interface (HMI) and utilized as input for a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model trained on historical consumption data. Safety features include LED indicators that activate when current reaches 80% of maximum capacity and a buzzer that signals threshold violations. Experimental results demonstrate high prediction accuracy, with RMSE values of 0.38 kW (5.32%) for phase R, 0.47 kW (7.55%) for phase S, and 0.28 kW (5.39%) for phase T. Transmission latency averages two to three seconds, while prediction computation is under 10 seconds. The system effectively reflects consumption trends, making it a reliable decision-support tool for enhancing energy efficiency in small- to medium-scale installations.